Positive displacement machines
Transfer of energy between the fluid and the machine by means of a variable volume, generated by a displacement device.
Fluid machinery
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Internal combustion engines
CT 159 - CT 400 Test stands for internal combustion engines
Air-cooled overhead valve four-stroke petrol engine
Learning objectives/experiments
- in conjunction with CT 159 test stand + HM 365 load unit
- familiarisation with a four-stroke petrol engine
- plotting of torque and power curves
- determination of specific fuel consumption
- determination of volumetric efficiency and lambda (fuel-air ratio)
….
Air-cooled four-stroke diesel engine with direct injection
Learning objectives/experiments
- in conjunction with CT 159 test stand and HM 365 load unit
- familiarisation with a four-stroke diesel engine
- plotting of torque and power curves
- determination of specific fuel consumption
- determination of volumetric efficiency and lambda (fuel-air ratio)
….
Air-cooled two-stroke petrol engine
Learning objectives/experiments
- in conjunction with CT 159 test stand and HM 365 load unit
- familiarisation with a four-stroke petrol engine
- plotting of torque and power curves
- determination of specific fuel consumption
- determination of volumetric efficiency and lambda (fuel-air ratio)
Air-cooled four-stroke petrol engine with external carburation
Learning objectives/experiments
- in conjunction with CT 110 test stand
- familiarisation with a four-stroke petrol engine
- plotting of torque and power curves
- determination of specific fuel consumption
- determination of volumetric efficiency and lambda (fuel-air ratio)
….
Air-cooled two-stroke petrol engine with reverse scavenging
Learning objectives/experiments
- in conjunction with CT 110 test stand
- familiarisation with a two-stroke petrol engine
- plotting of torque and power curves
- determination of specific fuel consumption
- determination of volumetric efficiency and lambda (fuel-air ratio)
Air-cooled four-stroke diesel engine with direct injection
Learning objectives/experiments
- in conjunction with CT 110 test stand
- familiarisation with a four-stroke diesel engine
- plotting of torque and power curves
- determination of specific fuel consumption
- determination of volumetric efficiency and lambda (fuel-air ratio)
….
Water-cooled four-stroke diesel engine using the swirl chamber principle
Learning objectives/experiments
- in conjunction with CT 110 test stand
- familiarisation with a water-cooled four-stroke diesel engine
- plotting of torque and power curves
- determination of specific fuel consumption
- determination of volumetric efficiency and lambda (fuel-air ratio)
….
Air-cooled four-stroke petrol engine with external carburation
Learning objectives/experiments
- plotting of torque and power curves
- determination of specific fuel consumption
- determination of volumetric efficiency and lambda (fuel-air ratio)
- energy balance
- determination of the frictional power of the engine (in passive mode)
Water-cooled four-stroke diesel engine with indirect injection
Learning objectives/experiments
- plotting of torque and power curves
- determination of specific fuel consumption
- determination of volumetric efficiency and lambda (fuel-air ratio)
- energy balance
- determination of the frictional power of the engine (in passive mode)
Water-cooled petrol engine with controlled catalytic converter, max. 75kW
Learning objectives/experiments
- in conjunction with CT 400 load unit
- plotting of torque and power curves
- determination of specific fuel consumption
- determination of volumetric efficiency and lambda (fuel-air ratio)
- energy balances
….
Diesel engine with direct injection, max. 41kW
Learning objectives/experiments
- in conjunction with CT 400 load unit
- plotting of torque and power curves
- determination of specific fuel consumption
- determination of volumetric efficiency and lambda (fuel-air ratio)
- energy balances
….
Single-cylinder piston steam engine with gas-fired boiler for steam generation
Learning objectives/experiments
- demonstration of the function of a steam engine
- familiarisation with the components of a steam power plant and how they interact
- recording the vapour pressure curve
- effect of re-evaporation and backfeed of cold water
- determining fuel consumption, the amount of steam generated, the boiler efficiency, and the capacity of the condenser
Single-acting steam engine with condensation for determining mechanical power and efficiency
Learning objectives/experiments
- together with HM 365 and ET 813.01
- determining the amount of steam generated, the mechanical power and the power consumption
- calculating the overall efficiency
- determining the heat dissipated in the condenser
- recording the vapour pressure curve
….
Piston compressors deliver compressible media such as gas or air. Piston compressors are positive displacement machines. The piston (displacement element) forms a space with variable volume together with cylinder and cylinder cover.
Compressors
Capacity measurement at the open compressor with variable speed; refrigeration chamber with adjustable cooling load
Learning objectives/experiments
- fundamentals of refrigeration
- design and components of a refrigeration system
- open compressor with drive
- condenser
- evaporator
….
Investigations in an open two-cylinder piston compressor from refrigeration
Learning objectives/experiments
- determine characteristic variables of a piston compressor during experiments
- determination of the volumetric efficiency at different intake pressures, pressure ratios and speeds
- determination of the isothermal compressor capacity
- measurement of the mechanical and electrical power consumption in dependence of the high/low pressure and pressure ratio
- determination of the mechanical efficiency and the overall efficiency
….
Recording the characteristic of an industrial two-stage compressor, system control via PLC
Learning objectives/experiments
- design and function of a two-stage compressor
- measurement of relevant pressures and temperatures
- determination of the intake volumetric air flow rate
- compression process on a p-V diagram
- determination of the efficiency
….
Simulated operation of a two-stage compressor plant with intermediate and aftercooling
Learning objectives/experiments
- fundamentals of the multi-stage compression process
- characteristics of a multi-stage compressor
- thermodynamic state variables
- representation of the compression process in the T-s diagram and in the p-V diagram
- condensation in the intercooler and aftercooler
….
Function test on a single-stage piston compressor
Learning objectives/experiments
- familiarisation with a compressed air generation plant
- function test on a single-stage piston compressor
- pressure rise in the compressed air tank over time
- effective power of the drive motor as a function of pressure
Investigations on an air compressor including the determination of the mechanical power consumption
Learning objectives/experiments
- setup and operating behaviour of a compressed air generation system with single-stage piston compressor
- determination of the characteristic curve
- determination of the volumetric efficiency
- determination of the mechanical efficiency
Interchangeable driven machines: three pump types and a compressor
Learning objectives/experiments
- different pumps and a compressor
- identifying characteristic data
- recording pump, compressor and system characteristics
- representation of operating points in series and parallel configuration of centrifugal pumps
- comparison of the different delivery properties
Installation of the compressor MT 141 for operational check
Learning objectives/experiments
- in conjunction with the piston compressor MT 141
- functional testing of a piston compressor
- pressure rise in tank over time
- current consumption of drive motor as function of pressure
- familiarisation with a compressed air generator and its components
….
In positive displacement pumps the energy is transferred to the fluid hydrostatically. In the hydrostatic transfer of energy a displacement body reduces a working chamber filled with fluid and pumps the fluid into the pipe.
Positive displacement pumps
Record characteristics of a reciprocating positive displacement pump
Learning objectives/experiments
- principle of operation of a piston pump
- recording of pump characteristics
- pressure curves of delivery pressure and cylinder pressure
- influence of pulsation damping
- p-V diagram
….
Record characteristics of a rotary positive displacement pump
Learning objectives/experiments
- principle of operation of a gear pump
- recording of pump characteristics
- relationship between head and speed
- effect of pressure limitation
- determination of efficiencies
Lobe pumps are used for delivering highly viscous and highly abrasive media
Learning objectives/experiments
- in combination with HM 365 and HM 365.10
- recording of pump characteristics, system characteristics, operating point
- power requirement, hydraulic power, pump efficiency
The most simple type of reciprocating piston pump consists of a piston that moves in a cylinder with one inlet and one outlet valve
Learning objectives/experiments
- in combination with HM 365 and HM 365.10
- recording of pump characteristics, system characteristics and operating point
- power requirement, hydraulic power, pump efficiency
A gear pump is characterised by a steady flow rate
Learning objectives/experiments
- in combination with HM 365 and HM 365.10
- recording of pump characteristics, system characteristics and operating point
- power requirement, hydraulic power, pump efficiency
Vane pumps can be used both for liquid and gaseous media
Learning objectives/experiments
- in combination with HM 365 and HM 365.10
- recording of pump characteristics, system characteristics and operating point
- power requirement, hydraulic power, pump efficiency
Screw pumps are able to provide continuous delivery of even viscous media without pulsation or turbulence
Learning objectives/experiments
- in combination with HM 365 and HM 365.20
- recording of pump and system characteristics, operating point
- power requirement, hydraulic power, pump efficiency
The pumping medium is transported between the gears and the housing
Learning objectives/experiments
- in combination with HM 365 and HM 365.20
- recording of pump and system characteristics, operating point
- power requirement, hydraulic power, pump efficiency
Vane pumps can be used both for liquid and gaseous media
Learning objectives/experiments
- in combination with HM 365 and HM 365.20
- recording of pump characteristics, system characteristics and operating point
- power requirement, hydraulic power, pump efficiency
Operating behaviour of an internal gear pump
Learning objectives/experiments
- in combination with HM 365 and HM 365.20
- recording of pump characteristics, system characteristics and operating point
- power requirement, hydraulic power, pump efficiency
Metering pump with three pump heads
Learning objectives/experiments
- familiarisation with the basic principle of a multi-head diaphragm pump
- flow rate and mixing ratio depending on
- the stroke
- the stroke rate
- the counter pressure
Generation of negative pressure over time
Learning objectives/experiments
- familiarisation with the basic principle of a rotary vane pump
- simulation of leaks
- generation of negative pressure over time
- determination of the flow rate as a function of the counter pressure
Investigate operating behaviour of centrifugal pumps, piston pump and side channel pump, system control via PLC
Learning objectives/experiments
- investigation and comparison of the operating behaviour of various pump types:
- centrifugal pumps
- piston pump (positive displacement pump)
- side-channel pump
- recording a pump characteristic curve
….
Interchangeable driven machines: three pump types and a compressor
Learning objectives/experiments
- different pumps and a compressor
- identifying characteristic data
- recording pump, compressor and system characteristics
- representation of operating points in series and parallel configuration of centrifugal pumps
- comparison of the different delivery properties
Understanding design and function of the pump; planning and executing assembly, disassembly and maintenance
Learning objectives/experiments
- design and function of a screw pump and its components
- assembly and disassembly for maintenance and repair purposes
- replacing components (e.g. seals)
- troubleshooting, fault assessment
- planning and assessment of maintenance and repair operations
….
Understanding design and function of the pump; planning and executing assembly, disassembly and maintenance
Learning objectives/experiments
- design and function of a diaphragm pump and its components
- assembly and disassembly for maintenance and repair purposes
- replacing components (e.g. seals or bearings)
- troubleshooting, fault assessment
- planning and assessment of maintenance and repair operations
….
Design and function of a piston pump; planning, assembly and disassembly
Learning objectives/experiments
- function and design of a piston pump
- planning and presentation of the assembly process
- assembly and disassembly, including for maintenance and repair purposes
- read and understand technical drawings in imperial measurements (PDF, DXF and STEP files)
- familiarisation with various machine elements: piston, mechanical seal
….
Design and function of a gear pump; planning, assembly and disassembly
Learning objectives/experiments
- function and design of a gear pump
- planning and presentation of the assembly process
- assembly and disassembly, including for maintenance and repair purposes
- read and understand technical drawings in imperial measurements (PDF, DXF and STEP files)
- familiarisation with various machine elements: gears, mechanical seal
….
Engineering animations such as cutaway models are ideally suited to representing processes and functions. GUNT uses up-to-date original parts for its cutaway models. Movement and switching functions are maintained.
Cutaway model of an industrial component used in pipework installations
Learning objectives/experiments
- familiarization with the construction and functionality of all parts
Cutaway model of an industrial component used in pipework installations
Learning objectives/experiments
- familiarization with the construction and functionality of all parts
Manually operated Cutaway model of a piston compressor
Learning objectives/experiments
- principle of operation and design of a piston compressor
