Driving machines
A driving machine is a machine that removes energy from a fluid and releases it in the form of mechanical work (W). In the process a form of energy, such as thermal or electrical energy, is converted to mechanical energy.
You’ll find further information on this topic at the right.
Thermal turbines work with compressible fluids: e.g. gas, wind and steam turbines.
![HM 270](/images/datasheet/832/HM-270-Impulse-turbine-preview-gunt-832-foto_totale.jpg)
Investigation of a compressed air driven axial impulse turbine
Learning objectives/experiments
- design and function of an impulse turbine
- determination of torque, power and efficiency
- graphical representation of characteristic curves for torque, power and efficiency
- investigation of the effect of nozzle pressure and number of nozzles
![HM 272](/images/datasheet/833/HM-272-Reaction-turbine-preview-gunt-833-foto_totale.jpg)
Investigation of a compressed air driven radial reaction turbine
Learning objectives/experiments
- familiarisation with the design and function of an impulse turbine
- determination of torque, power and efficiency
- graphical representation of characteristic curves for torque, power and efficiency
![ET 792](/images/datasheet/256/ET-792-Gas-turbine-preview-gunt-256-foto_totale.jpg)
Operation with power turbine or as jet engine with propelling nozzle using liquid gas
Learning objectives/experiments
- familiarisation with the function and typical behaviour during operation of a gas turbine
- operation as jet engine
- operation as power turbine
- determining effective power
- thrust measurement
….
![ET 794](/images/datasheet/258/ET-794-Gas-turbine-with-power-turbine-preview-gunt-258-foto_totale.jpg)
Two-shaft arrangement with high-pressure turbine and power turbine using liquid gas
Learning objectives/experiments
- determining the shaft power
- determining specific fuel consumption
- recording the characteristics of the power turbine
- determining the system efficiency
![ET 796](/images/datasheet/261/ET-796-Gas-turbine-jet-engine-preview-gunt-261-foto_totale.jpg)
Small single-shaft gas turbine with thrust measurement using either kerosene or petroleum
Learning objectives/experiments
- behaviour during operation of a jet engine including start-up procedure
- determination of the specific thrust
- determination of the specific fuel consumption
- determination of lambda (fuel-air ratio)
![ET 851](/images/datasheet/289/ET-851-Axial-steam-turbine-preview-gunt-289-foto_totale.jpg)
Single-stage steam turbine with power output measurement; steam supply via ET 850, gas-fired or ET 852, electrical
Learning objectives/experiments
- principle of operation of a steam turbine:
- steam consumption of the turbine
- turbine output at different settings
- investigation of the losses occurring in different turbine components
- power and torque curve
….
![ET 830](/images/datasheet/282/ET-830-Steam-power-plant-15kW-preview-gunt-282-foto_totale.jpg)
Oil-fired boiler, single-stage small industry turbine, condenser and feed water treatment and monitoring via PLC
Learning objectives/experiments
- steam power plant and its components
- start-up, operation and shut down of a steam power plant
- closed steam-water circuit with feedwater treatment
- among others, determining:
- boiler efficiency
….
- boiler efficiency
![ET 833](/images/datasheet/285/ET-833-Steam-power-plant-15kW-with-process-control-system-preview-gunt-285-foto_totale.jpg)
Steam turbine system like ET 830, with additional monitoring and control via control station with touch screen panel
Learning objectives/experiments
- steam power plant and its components with control and regulation system
- start-up, operation and shut down of a steam power plant
- familiarisation with system control and monitoring via a process control system
- monitoring, servicing and maintenance tasks
- determining: input and output power, component and system efficiency, specific fuel consumption of the system
![ET 805](/images/datasheet/262/ET-805-Steam-power-plant-20kW-with-process-control-system-preview-gunt-262-foto_totale.jpg)
Steam turbine with synchronous generator for grid-connected or stand-alone operation. Fully equipped with oil-fired or gas-fired boiler, condenser, cooling tower, feed water treatment and modern synchronisation device (PPU)
Learning objectives/experiments
- design and function of a complete steam power plant with control and regulation system
- start-up, operation, shut down, servicing and maintenance of a steam power plant
- plant control and monitoring via a process control system
- recording and evaluation of the most important operating parameters
- determining: input and output power, component and system efficiency, specific fuel consumption
![ET 220](/images/datasheet/183/ET-220-Energy-conversion-in-a-wind-power-plant-preview-gunt-183-foto_totale.jpg)
Conversion of kinetic wind energy into electrical energy
Learning objectives/experiments
- conversion of kinetic wind energy into electrical energy
- function and design of an stand-alone system with a wind power plant
- determining the power coefficient as a function of tip speed ratio
- energy balance in a wind power plant
- determining the efficiency of a wind power plant
….
![ET 270](/images/datasheet/194/ET-270-Wave-energy-converter-OWC-preview-gunt-194-foto_totale.jpg)
Turbine unit with Wells turbine and electric generator; configurable wave generator
Learning objectives/experiments
- familiarisation with operating principles of a wave energy converter
- understanding of energy generation from wave motion
- measurement of wave motions
- familiarisation with design and operation of a Wells turbine
- optimisation of operating behaviour
Hydraulic turbines work with incompressible fluids: water turbines.
![HM 150.19](/images/datasheet/566/HM-150.19-Operating-principle-of-a-Pelton-turbine-preview-gunt-566-foto_totale.jpg)
Model of an impulse turbine with adjustable nozzle; determination of the efficiency
Learning objectives/experiments
- design and function of a Pelton turbine
- determination of torque, power and efficiency
- graphical representation of characteristic curves for torque, power and efficiency
….
![HM 150.20](/images/datasheet/567/HM-150.20-Operating-principle-of-a-Francis-turbine-preview-gunt-567-foto_totale.jpg)
Model of a reaction turbine with adjustable guide vanes; determination of the efficiency
Learning objectives/experiments
- design and function of a Francis turbine
- determination of torque, power and efficiency
- graphical representation of characteristic curves for torque, power and efficiency
….
![HM 287](/images/datasheet/846/HM-287-Experiments-with-an-axial-turbine-preview-gunt-846-foto_totale.jpg)
Record characteristics of an axial reaction turbine
Learning objectives/experiments
- principle of operation of an axial turbine
- determination of the power output
- determination of the efficiency
- recording of the characteristic curve
- comparison of experiment and calculation
![HM 288](/images/datasheet/847/HM-288-Experiments-with-a-reaction-turbine-preview-gunt-847-foto_totale.jpg)
Record characteristics of a turbine based on the reaction force
Learning objectives/experiments
- principle of operation of a reaction turbine
- characteristic curves at constant head
- relationship between torque and speed
- efficiency dependent on speed
- flow rate dependent on speed
….
![HM 289](/images/datasheet/848/HM-289-Experiments-with-a-Pelton-turbine-preview-gunt-848-foto_totale.jpg)
Record characteristics of a free jet turbine
Learning objectives/experiments
- principle of operation of a Pelton turbine
- characteristic at constant head
- relationship between torque and speed
- efficiency dependent on speed
- flow rate dependent on speed
….
![HM 291](/images/datasheet/850/HM-291-Experiments-with-an-action-turbine-preview-gunt-850-foto_totale.jpg)
Record characteristics of an axial impulse turbine
Learning objectives/experiments
- principle of operation of an action turbine
- characteristic curves at constant head
- relationship between torque and speed
- efficiency dependent on speed
- flow rate dependent on speed
….
![HM 365.31](/images/datasheet/879/HM-365.31-Pelton-and-Francis-turbine-preview-gunt-879-foto_totale.jpg)
Comparison of impulse and reaction turbines
Learning objectives/experiments
- in combination with HM 365 and HM 365.32
- comparison of impulse and reaction turbines
- determination of the mechanical and hydraulic power
- determination of the efficiency
- recording of characteristic curves
….
![HM 450.01](/images/datasheet/889/HM-450.01-Pelton-turbine-preview-gunt-889-foto_totale.jpg)
Model of an impulse turbine with speed and torque measurement
Learning objectives/experiments
- determination of mechanical output
- determination of efficiency
- recording of characteristic curves
- investigation of the influence of the nozzle cross-section on the power output
![HM 450.02](/images/datasheet/890/HM-450.02-Francis-turbine-preview-gunt-890-foto_totale.jpg)
Model of a reaction turbine with speed and torque measurement; adjustable guide vanes
Learning objectives/experiments
- determination of mechanical output
- determination of efficiency
- recording of characteristic curves
- investigation of the influence of the guide vane position on the power output
- velocity triangles
![HM 450.03](/images/datasheet/1751/HM-450.03-Propeller-type-turbine-preview-gunt-1751-foto_totale.jpg)
Six-bladed propeller type turbine with guide vane adjustment for varying power, measurement of speed and torque
Learning objectives/experiments
- determination of mechanical output
- determination of efficiency
- recording of characteristic curves
- investigation of the influence of the guide vane position on the efficiency
![HM 450.04](/images/datasheet/1760/HM-450.04-Kaplan-turbine-preview-gunt-1760-foto_totale.jpg)
Five-bladed Kaplan turbine with blade and guide vane adjustment for varying power, measurement of speed and torque
Learning objectives/experiments
- determination of mechanical output
- determination of efficiency
- recording of characteristic curves
- investigation of the influence of the guide vane and blade position on the efficiency
![HM 430C](/images/datasheet/887/HM-430C-Francis-turbine-trainer-preview-gunt-887-foto_totale.jpg)
Characteristics of a powerful Francis turbine with adjustable guide vanes
Learning objectives/experiments
- investigation of the conversion of hydraulic into mechanical energy
- determination of the mechanical power and hydraulic power of the turbine
- determination of efficiency
- recording of characteristic curves
- investigation of the influence of the guide vane position
….
![HM 421](/images/datasheet/885/HM-421-Propeller-type-turbine-trainer-preview-gunt-885-foto_totale.jpg)
Four-bladed propeller type turbine with guide vane adjustment for varying power
Learning objectives/experiments
- determination of power output curves at different speeds
- hydraulic power output
- mechanical power output
- determination of the head
- determination of turbine efficiency
….
![HM 405](/images/datasheet/883/HM-405-Axial-flow-turbomachines-preview-gunt-883-foto_totale.jpg)
Function of a turbomachine; configuration as pump or turbine with interchangeable rotor/impeller and stator/guide vane system
Learning objectives/experiments
- recording characteristic curves
- determining dimensionless characteristics
- velocity triangles and pressure curves
- investigation of energy conversion within the turbomachine
- how blade, vane shape affects power and efficiency
….
![CT 150](/images/datasheet/95/CT-150-Four-stroke-petrol-engine-for-CT-159-preview-gunt-95-foto_totale.jpg)
Air-cooled overhead valve four-stroke petrol engine
Learning objectives/experiments
- in conjunction with CT 159 test stand + HM 365 load unit
- familiarisation with a four-stroke petrol engine
- plotting of torque and power curves
- determination of specific fuel consumption
- determination of volumetric efficiency and lambda (fuel-air ratio)
….
![CT 151](/images/datasheet/96/CT-151-Four-stroke-diesel-engine-for-CT-159-preview-gunt-96-foto_totale.jpg)
Air-cooled four-stroke diesel engine with direct injection
Learning objectives/experiments
- in conjunction with CT 159 test stand and HM 365 load unit
- familiarisation with a four-stroke diesel engine
- plotting of torque and power curves
- determination of specific fuel consumption
- determination of volumetric efficiency and lambda (fuel-air ratio)
….
![CT 153](/images/datasheet/98/CT-153-Two-stroke-petrol-engine-for-CT-159-preview-gunt-98-foto_totale.jpg)
Air-cooled two-stroke petrol engine
Learning objectives/experiments
- in conjunction with CT 159 test stand and HM 365 load unit
- familiarisation with a four-stroke petrol engine
- plotting of torque and power curves
- determination of specific fuel consumption
- determination of volumetric efficiency and lambda (fuel-air ratio)
![CT 100.20](/images/datasheet/89/CT-100.20-Four-stroke-petrol-engine-for-CT-110-preview-gunt-89-foto_totale.jpg)
Air-cooled four-stroke petrol engine with external carburation
Learning objectives/experiments
- in conjunction with CT 110 test stand
- familiarisation with a four-stroke petrol engine
- plotting of torque and power curves
- determination of specific fuel consumption
- determination of volumetric efficiency and lambda (fuel-air ratio)
….
![CT 100.21](/images/datasheet/90/CT-100.21-Two-stroke-petrol-engine-for-CT-110-preview-gunt-90-foto_totale.jpg)
Air-cooled two-stroke petrol engine with reverse scavenging
Learning objectives/experiments
- in conjunction with CT 110 test stand
- familiarisation with a two-stroke petrol engine
- plotting of torque and power curves
- determination of specific fuel consumption
- determination of volumetric efficiency and lambda (fuel-air ratio)
![CT 100.22](/images/datasheet/91/CT-100.22-Four-stroke-diesel-engine-for-CT-110-preview-gunt-91-foto_totale.jpg)
Air-cooled four-stroke diesel engine with direct injection
Learning objectives/experiments
- in conjunction with CT 110 test stand
- familiarisation with a four-stroke diesel engine
- plotting of torque and power curves
- determination of specific fuel consumption
- determination of volumetric efficiency and lambda (fuel-air ratio)
….
![CT 100.23](/images/datasheet/92/CT-100.23-Water-cooled-four-stroke-diesel-engine-for-CT-110-preview-gunt-92-foto_totale.jpg)
Water-cooled four-stroke diesel engine using the swirl chamber principle
Learning objectives/experiments
- in conjunction with CT 110 test stand
- familiarisation with a water-cooled four-stroke diesel engine
- plotting of torque and power curves
- determination of specific fuel consumption
- determination of volumetric efficiency and lambda (fuel-air ratio)
….
![CT 300.04](/images/datasheet/109/CT-300.04-Two-cylinder-petrol-engine-for-CT-300-preview-gunt-109-foto_totale.jpg)
Air-cooled four-stroke petrol engine with external carburation
Learning objectives/experiments
- plotting of torque and power curves
- determination of specific fuel consumption
- determination of volumetric efficiency and lambda (fuel-air ratio)
- energy balance
- determination of the frictional power of the engine (in passive mode)
![CT 300.05](/images/datasheet/110/CT-300.05-Two-cylinder-diesel-engine-for-CT-300-preview-gunt-110-foto_totale.jpg)
Water-cooled four-stroke diesel engine with indirect injection
Learning objectives/experiments
- plotting of torque and power curves
- determination of specific fuel consumption
- determination of volumetric efficiency and lambda (fuel-air ratio)
- energy balance
- determination of the frictional power of the engine (in passive mode)
![CT 400.01](/images/datasheet/116/CT-400.01-Four-cylinder-petrol-engine-for-CT-400-preview-gunt-116-foto_totale.jpg)
Water-cooled petrol engine with controlled catalytic converter, max. 75kW
Learning objectives/experiments
- in conjunction with CT 400 load unit
- plotting of torque and power curves
- determination of specific fuel consumption
- determination of volumetric efficiency and lambda (fuel-air ratio)
- energy balances
….
![CT 400.02](/images/datasheet/117/CT-400.02-Four-cylinder-diesel-engine-for-CT-400-preview-gunt-117-foto_totale.jpg)
Diesel engine with direct injection, max. 41kW
Learning objectives/experiments
- in conjunction with CT 400 load unit
- plotting of torque and power curves
- determination of specific fuel consumption
- determination of volumetric efficiency and lambda (fuel-air ratio)
- energy balances
….
![ET 810](/images/datasheet/279/ET-810-Steam-power-plant-with-steam-engine-preview-gunt-279-foto_totale.jpg)
Single-cylinder piston steam engine with gas-fired boiler for steam generation
Learning objectives/experiments
- demonstration of the function of a steam engine
- familiarisation with the components of a steam power plant and how they interact
- recording the vapour pressure curve
- effect of re-evaporation and backfeed of cold water
- determining fuel consumption, the amount of steam generated, the boiler efficiency, and the capacity of the condenser
![ET 813](/images/datasheet/280/ET-813-Two-cylinder-steam-engine-preview-gunt-280-foto_totale.jpg)
Single-acting steam engine with condensation for determining mechanical power and efficiency
Learning objectives/experiments
- together with HM 365 and ET 813.01
- determining the amount of steam generated, the mechanical power and the power consumption
- calculating the overall efficiency
- determining the heat dissipated in the condenser
- recording the vapour pressure curve
….