During deceleration, acceleration and deflection of a flowing fluid, there is a change of velocity and thus a change in momentum. Changes in momentum result in forces. In practice, the motive forces are used to convert kinetic energy into work done, for example in a Pelton turbine.
In HM 150.08 jet forces are generated and studied with the aid of a water jet that acts on and is diverted by an interchangeable deflector.
The experimental unit includes a transparent tank, a nozzle, four interchangeable deflectors with different deflection angles and a weight-loaded scale. The force of the water jet is adjusted via the flow rate.
Experiments study the influence of flow velocity and flow rate as well as of different deflection angles. The jet forces generated by the water jet are measured on the weight-loaded scale. The forces are calculated using the momentum equation and compared with the measurements.
The experimental unit is positioned easily and securely on the work surface of the HM 150 base module. The water is supplied and the flow rate measured by HM 150. Alternatively, the experimental unit can be operated by the laboratory supply.
In order to perform a virtual analysis of flow behaviour, CFD simulations are often used in practice. Such simulations allow, for example, flow visualisations in areas that cannot be visualised experimentally. In the GUNT Media Center, flow visualisations based on CFD calculations are available online. There are also multimedia teaching materials including E-Learning courses on basic knowledge and calculations. Videos show a complete experiment with preparation, execution and evaluation. Worksheets with solutions supplement the teaching material.
