Thermal fluid energy machines
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Steam power plants play a key role in electric power generation. Therefore the Rankine steam power cycle is one of the most important cyclic processes used in industry.
Steam power plants
ET 805 - ET 851 GUNT steam power plants
Single-cylinder piston steam engine with gas-fired boiler for steam generation
Learning objectives/experiments
- demonstration of the function of a steam engine
- familiarisation with the components of a steam power plant and how they interact
- recording the vapour pressure curve
- effect of re-evaporation and backfeed of cold water
- determining fuel consumption, the amount of steam generated, the boiler efficiency, and the capacity of the condenser
Single-acting steam engine with condensation for determining mechanical power and efficiency
Learning objectives/experiments
- together with HM 365 and ET 813.01
- determining the amount of steam generated, the mechanical power and the power consumption
- calculating the overall efficiency
- determining the heat dissipated in the condenser
- recording the vapour pressure curve
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Laboratory scale gas-fired steam generator for wet or superheated steam; integrated condenser
Learning objectives/experiments
- specific characteristic values of a steam boiler
- efficiency of a steam generator
- analysis of the exhaust gases
- influence of different burner settings
- saturation temperature and pressure of the steam
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Single-stage steam turbine with power output measurement; steam supply via ET 850, gas-fired or ET 852, electrical
Learning objectives/experiments
- principle of operation of a steam turbine:
- steam consumption of the turbine
- turbine output at different settings
- investigation of the losses occurring in different turbine components
- power and torque curve
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Laboratory scale electrical steam generator for superheated steam; integrated condenser; alternative to the gas-fired steam generator ET 850 for the supply of the steam turbine ET 851
Learning objectives/experiments
- specific characteristic values of a steam boiler
- efficiency of a steam generator
- saturation temperature and pressure of the steam
- steam enthalpy
- determination of the heat flux density and the overall heat transfer coefficient
Oil-fired boiler, single-stage small industry turbine, condenser and feed water treatment and monitoring via PLC
Learning objectives/experiments
- steam power plant and its components
- start-up, operation and shut down of a steam power plant
- closed steam-water circuit with feedwater treatment
- among others, determining:
Steam turbine system like ET 830, with additional monitoring and control via control station with touch screen panel
Learning objectives/experiments
- steam power plant and its components with control and regulation system
- start-up, operation and shut down of a steam power plant
- familiarisation with system control and monitoring via a process control system
- monitoring, servicing and maintenance tasks
- determining: input and output power, component and system efficiency, specific fuel consumption of the system
Steam turbine with synchronous generator for grid-connected or stand-alone operation. Fully equipped with oil-fired or gas-fired boiler, condenser, cooling tower, feed water treatment and modern synchronisation device (PPU)
Learning objectives/experiments
- design and function of a complete steam power plant with control and regulation system
- start-up, operation, shut down, servicing and maintenance of a steam power plant
- plant control and monitoring via a process control system
- recording and evaluation of the most important operating parameters
- determining: input and output power, component and system efficiency, specific fuel consumption
Determination of the vapour content using a separating calorimeter with cyclone water separator or a throttling calorimeter with vapour depressurisation
Learning objectives/experiments
- determining the vapour content using
- a separating calorimeter with cyclone water separator
- a throttling calorimeter with vapour depressurisation
- using an h-s diagram
Familiarisation with boiler safety devices such as pressure and water level monitors
Learning objectives/experiments
- model of an oil-fired steam boiler with operating and safety components
- characteristics of the monitoring elements
- fault circuits
- burner with flame monitoring
- pressure switch and limiter
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A gas turbine operates according to the open cycle process. Gas turbines are used when high performance and low weight are required.
Gas turbines
Two-shaft arrangement with high-pressure turbine and power turbine using liquid gas
Learning objectives/experiments
- determining the shaft power
- determining specific fuel consumption
- recording the characteristics of the power turbine
- determining the system efficiency
Small single-shaft gas turbine with thrust measurement using either kerosene or petroleum
Learning objectives/experiments
- behaviour during operation of a jet engine including start-up procedure
- determination of the specific thrust
- determination of the specific fuel consumption
- determination of lambda (fuel-air ratio)
Operation with power turbine or as jet engine with propelling nozzle using liquid gas
Learning objectives/experiments
- familiarisation with the function and typical behaviour during operation of a gas turbine
- operation as jet engine
- operation as power turbine
- determining effective power
- thrust measurement
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Compressors are used for compressing and pumping gases. Their higher pressure ratio distinguishes them from fans.
Compressors
Energy efficiency of an industrial plant for metalworking and mechatronics
Learning objectives/experiments
- energy analysis of a compressed air system, calculate efficiency
- estimate savings potential
- familiarisation with and investigation of typical industrial components of the system
- adjust the control behaviour of the compressor
- leak test
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Function test on a single-stage piston compressor
Learning objectives/experiments
- familiarisation with a compressed air generation plant
- function test on a single-stage piston compressor
- pressure rise in the compressed air tank over time
- effective power of the drive motor as a function of pressure
Investigations on an air compressor including the determination of the mechanical power consumption
Learning objectives/experiments
- setup and operating behaviour of a compressed air generation system with single-stage piston compressor
- determination of the characteristic curve
- determination of the volumetric efficiency
- determination of the mechanical efficiency
Recording the characteristic of an industrial two-stage compressor, system control via PLC
Learning objectives/experiments
- setup and function of a two-stage compressor
- measurement of relevant pressures and temperatures
- determination of the intake volumetric air flow rate
- compression process on a p-V diagram
- determination of the efficiency
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Investigations in an open two-cylinder piston compressor from refrigeration
Learning objectives/experiments
- determine characteristic variables of a piston compressor during experiments
- determination of the volumetric efficiency at different intake pressures, pressure ratios and speeds
- determination of the isothermal compressor capacity
- measurement of the mechanical and electrical power consumption in dependence of the high/low pressure and pressure ratio
- determination of the mechanical efficiency and the overall efficiency
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Simulated operation of a two-stage compressor plant with intermediate and aftercooling
Learning objectives/experiments
- fundamentals of the multi-stage compression process
- characteristics of a multi-stage compressor
- thermodynamic state variables
- representation of the compression process in the T-s diagram and in the p-V diagram
- condensation in the intercooler and aftercooler
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Cyclic processes
Fluid machinery
Thermal fluid energy machines