Thermal fluid energy machines
Thermal fluid energy machines work with compressible fluids.
Fluid machinery
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A characteristic of fans is the pressure ratio, which indicates the ratio of the absolute final pressure to the absolute intake pressure. Fans are different from compressors because of their low pressure ratio of max. 2,5.
Fans
Compressors
Operating behaviour and characteristic variables of a radial fan; two interchangeable rotors
Learning objectives/experiments
- operating behaviour and characteristic variables of a radial fan
- recording the fan characteristic (pressure difference as a function of the flow rate)
- effect of the rotor speed on the pressure
- effect of the rotor speed on the flow rate
- effect of different blade shapes on the fan characteristic and efficiency
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Operating behaviour and characteristic variables of an axial fan
Learning objectives/experiments
- operating behaviour and characteristic variables of an axial fan
- recording the fan characteristic (differential pressure as a function of the flow rate)
- effect of the rotor speed on the pressure
- effect of the rotor speed on the flow rate
- stall
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Two-stage compressor: recording of the compressor curve for both stages
Learning objectives/experiments
- operating behaviour and characteristic variables of a radial compressor
- recording of the compressor curve for both stages
- effect of the rotor speed on the pressure
- effect of the rotor speed on the flow rate
- distribution of stage pressure ratios
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Determination of flow rate via iris diaphragm or Venturi nozzle
Learning objectives/experiments
- setup and principle of a radial fan
- plotting fan and system characteristics
- flow rate measurement methods based on the differential pressure method using:
- iris diaphragm
- Venturi nozzle
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Determining the characteristics of a two stage axial fan
Learning objectives/experiments
- determining the fan characteristic
- series configuration or individual operation of axial fans
- determining the energy balance
- determining the radial pressure and velocity distribution on rotor and guide vane system by means of a probe
Planning and setup of simple and complex air duct systems
Learning objectives/experiments
- plan, setup and test air duct systems
- typical components of ventilation technology
- measure the flow rate and velocity of the air
- measure dynamic and static pressures
- determination of the pressure loss via different components: pipe bends, angles, distributors etc.
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Interchangeable driven machines: piston compressor, piston pump, impeller pump, centrifugal pumps
Learning objectives/experiments
- different pumps and a compressor
- identifying characteristic data
- recording pump, compressor and system characteristics
- representation of operating points in series and parallel configuration of centrifugal pumps
- comparison of the different delivery properties
Capacity measurement at the open compressor with variable speed; refrigeration chamber with adjustable cooling load
Learning objectives/experiments
- fundamentals of refrigeration
- design and components of a refrigeration system
- open compressor with drive
- condenser
- evaporator
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Investigations in an open two-cylinder piston compressor from refrigeration
Learning objectives/experiments
- determine characteristic variables of a piston compressor during experiments
- determination of the volumetric efficiency at different intake pressures, pressure ratios and speeds
- determination of the isothermal compressor capacity
- measurement of the mechanical and electrical power consumption in dependence of the high/low pressure and pressure ratio
- determination of the mechanical efficiency and the overall efficiency
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Recording the characteristic of an industrial two-stage compressor, system control via PLC
Learning objectives/experiments
- setup and function of a two-stage compressor
- measurement of relevant pressures and temperatures
- determination of the intake volumetric air flow rate
- compression process on a p-V diagram
- determination of the efficiency
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Simulated operation of a two-stage compressor plant with intermediate and aftercooling
Learning objectives/experiments
- fundamentals of the multi-stage compression process
- characteristics of a multi-stage compressor
- thermodynamic state variables
- representation of the compression process in the T-s diagram and in the p-V diagram
- condensation in the intercooler and aftercooler
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Function test on a single-stage piston compressor
Learning objectives/experiments
- familiarisation with a compressed air generation plant
- function test on a single-stage piston compressor
- pressure rise in the compressed air tank over time
- effective power of the drive motor as a function of pressure
Investigations on an air compressor including the determination of the mechanical power consumption
Learning objectives/experiments
- setup and operating behaviour of a compressed air generation system with single-stage piston compressor
- determination of the characteristic curve
- determination of the volumetric efficiency
- determination of the mechanical efficiency
Energy efficiency of an industrial plant for metalworking and mechatronics
Learning objectives/experiments
- energy analysis of a compressed air system, calculate efficiency
- estimate savings potential
- familiarisation with and investigation of typical industrial components of the system
- adjust the control behaviour of the compressor
- leak test
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Thermal turbines work with compressible fluids: e.g. gas, wind and steam turbines.
Turbines
Turbines for gaseous fluids
Wind power plant with rotor blade adjustment and yaw angle adjustment
Learning objectives/experiments
- conversion of kinetic energy into electrical energy
- power adjustment by means of
- speed adjustment
- rotor blade adjustment
- behaviour in the case of oblique flow
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Conversion of kinetic wind energy into electrical energy
Learning objectives/experiments
- conversion of kinetic wind energy into electrical energy
- function and design of an stand-alone system with a wind power plant
- determining the power coefficient as a function of tip speed ratio
- energy balance in a wind power plant
- determining the efficiency of a wind power plant
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Connection to ET 220 or ET 220.10; outdoor installation allows practically relevant investigations
Learning objectives/experiments
- conversion of kinetic wind energy into electrical energy
- design and function of a wind power plant in stand-alone operation
- energy balance of a wind power plant under real wind conditions
Turbine unit with Wells turbine and electric generator; configurable wave generator
Learning objectives/experiments
- familiarisation with operating principles of a wave energy converter
- understanding of energy generation from wave motion
- measurement of wave motions
- familiarisation with design and operation of a Wells turbine
- optimisation of operating behaviour
Investigation of a compressed air driven axial impulse turbine
Learning objectives/experiments
- design and function of an impulse turbine
- determination of torque, power and efficiency
- graphical representation of characteristic curves for torque, power and efficiency
- investigation of the effect of nozzle pressure and number of nozzles
Investigation of a compressed air driven radial reaction turbine
Learning objectives/experiments
- familiarisation with the design and function of an impulse turbine
- determination of torque, power and efficiency
- graphical representation of characteristic curves for torque, power and efficiency
Operation with power turbine or as jet engine with propelling nozzle using liquid gas
Learning objectives/experiments
- familiarisation with the function and typical behaviour during operation of a gas turbine
- operation as jet engine
- operation as power turbine
- determining effective power
- thrust measurement
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Two-shaft arrangement with high-pressure turbine and power turbine using liquid gas
Learning objectives/experiments
- determining the shaft power
- determining specific fuel consumption
- recording the characteristics of the power turbine
- determining the system efficiency
Small single-shaft gas turbine with thrust measurement using either kerosene or petroleum
Learning objectives/experiments
- behaviour during operation of a jet engine including start-up procedure
- determination of the specific thrust
- determination of the specific fuel consumption
- determination of lambda (fuel-air ratio)
Single-stage steam turbine with power output measurement; steam supply via ET 850, gas-fired or ET 852, electrical
Learning objectives/experiments
- principle of operation of a steam turbine:
- steam consumption of the turbine
- turbine output at different settings
- investigation of the losses occurring in different turbine components
- power and torque curve
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Internal combustion engines
CT 159 - CT 400 Test stands for internal combustion engines
Air-cooled overhead valve four-stroke petrol engine
Learning objectives/experiments
- in conjunction with CT 159 test stand + HM 365 load unit
- familiarisation with a four-stroke petrol engine
- plotting of torque and power curves
- determination of specific fuel consumption
- determination of volumetric efficiency and lambda (fuel-air ratio)
….
Air-cooled four-stroke diesel engine with direct injection
Learning objectives/experiments
- in conjunction with CT 159 test stand and HM 365 load unit
- familiarisation with a four-stroke diesel engine
- plotting of torque and power curves
- determination of specific fuel consumption
- determination of volumetric efficiency and lambda (fuel-air ratio)
….
Air-cooled two-stroke petrol engine
Learning objectives/experiments
- in conjunction with CT 159 test stand and HM 365 load unit
- familiarisation with a four-stroke petrol engine
- plotting of torque and power curves
- determination of specific fuel consumption
- determination of volumetric efficiency and lambda (fuel-air ratio)
Air-cooled four-stroke petrol engine with external carburation
Learning objectives/experiments
- in conjunction with CT 110 test stand
- familiarisation with a four-stroke petrol engine
- plotting of torque and power curves
- determination of specific fuel consumption
- determination of volumetric efficiency and lambda (fuel-air ratio)
….
Air-cooled two-stroke petrol engine with reverse scavenging
Learning objectives/experiments
- in conjunction with CT 110 test stand
- familiarisation with a two-stroke petrol engine
- plotting of torque and power curves
- determination of specific fuel consumption
- determination of volumetric efficiency and lambda (fuel-air ratio)
Air-cooled four-stroke diesel engine with direct injection
Learning objectives/experiments
- in conjunction with CT 110 test stand
- familiarisation with a four-stroke diesel engine
- plotting of torque and power curves
- determination of specific fuel consumption
- determination of volumetric efficiency and lambda (fuel-air ratio)
….
Water-cooled four-stroke diesel engine using the swirl chamber principle
Learning objectives/experiments
- in conjunction with CT 110 test stand
- familiarisation with a water-cooled four-stroke diesel engine
- plotting of torque and power curves
- determination of specific fuel consumption
- determination of volumetric efficiency and lambda (fuel-air ratio)
….
Air-cooled four-stroke petrol engine with external carburation
Learning objectives/experiments
- plotting of torque and power curves
- determination of specific fuel consumption
- determination of volumetric efficiency and lambda (fuel-air ratio)
- energy balance
- determination of the frictional power of the engine (in passive mode)
Water-cooled four-stroke diesel engine with indirect injection
Learning objectives/experiments
- plotting of torque and power curves
- determination of specific fuel consumption
- determination of volumetric efficiency and lambda (fuel-air ratio)
- energy balance
- determination of the frictional power of the engine (in passive mode)
Water-cooled petrol engine with controlled catalytic converter, max. 75kW
Learning objectives/experiments
- in conjunction with CT 400 load unit
- plotting of torque and power curves
- determination of specific fuel consumption
- determination of volumetric efficiency and lambda (fuel-air ratio)
- energy balances
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Diesel engine with direct injection, max. 41kW
Learning objectives/experiments
- in conjunction with CT 400 load unit
- plotting of torque and power curves
- determination of specific fuel consumption
- determination of volumetric efficiency and lambda (fuel-air ratio)
- energy balances
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Single-cylinder piston steam engine with gas-fired boiler for steam generation
Learning objectives/experiments
- demonstration of the function of a steam engine
- familiarisation with the components of a steam power plant and how they interact
- recording the vapour pressure curve
- effect of re-evaporation and backfeed of cold water
- determining fuel consumption, the amount of steam generated, the boiler efficiency, and the capacity of the condenser
Single-acting steam engine with condensation for determining mechanical power and efficiency
Learning objectives/experiments
- together with HM 365 and ET 813.01
- determining the amount of steam generated, the mechanical power and the power consumption
- calculating the overall efficiency
- determining the heat dissipated in the condenser
- recording the vapour pressure curve
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Engineering animations such as cutaway models are ideally suited to representing processes and functions. GUNT uses up-to-date original parts for its cutaway models. Movement and switching functions are maintained.
Manually operated Cutaway model of a piston compressor
Learning objectives/experiments
- principle of operation and design of a piston compressor
Cutaway model of an industrial component used in refrigeration
Learning objectives/experiments
- layout and function of a hermetic refrigerant compressor
Cutaway model of an industrial component used in refrigeration
Learning objectives/experiments
- layout and function of a semi-hermetic refrigerant compressor
Cutaway model of an industrial component used in refrigeration
Learning objectives/experiments
- layout and function of an open refrigerant compressor with 2 cylinders
